近日,發(fā)表在國際雜志PNAS上的一篇研究論文中,來自康奈爾大學(xué)的研究人員通過研究揭開了致死性中東呼吸綜合征冠狀病毒(MERS-CoV)進(jìn)入宿主細(xì)胞的分子機制,該研究為開發(fā)治療中東呼吸綜合征的新型療法提供了一定的幫助。
文章中,研究者表示,一種常見酶類-弗林蛋白酶可以激活MERS-CoV同感染宿主細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞膜進(jìn)行融合并且促進(jìn)MERS-CoV進(jìn)入到宿主細(xì)胞中。病毒學(xué)家Gary Whittaker教授說道,在進(jìn)入宿主細(xì)胞過程中的特異性位點阻斷弗林蛋白酶或許就可以通過抑制病毒進(jìn)入宿主細(xì)胞來幫助開發(fā)針對中東呼吸綜合征的新型療法。
冠狀病毒表面具有突起蛋白,其可以被蛋白酶激活并且介導(dǎo)宿主細(xì)胞膜的融合,最終成功進(jìn)入宿主細(xì)胞,蛋白酶在突起蛋白上激活的位點就稱為切割位點;研究人員在MERS-CoV病毒表面發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩個切割位點,其每一個位點都會被弗林蛋白酶在不同的時間進(jìn)行切割,當(dāng)一個新的病毒在宿主細(xì)胞裝配完畢后就會脫離宿主細(xì)胞,尋找下一個新的宿主細(xì)胞進(jìn)行不斷繁殖。
研究者表示,我們在MERS-CoV的突起蛋白上發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩個弗林蛋白酶的切割位點,額外的切割位點或許會促進(jìn)MERS-CoV在人類和動物機體中不斷擴散,而最開始的感染是在肺部進(jìn)行的,盡管如此該病毒還會感染其它類型的細(xì)胞,比如免疫細(xì)胞等。MERS-CoV突變的一種方式即是通過改變其所用的激活蛋白酶,而本文研究也正揭示了復(fù)雜多變的冠狀病毒如何利用切割激活的策略。
目前研究人員推測,駱駝機體中的MERS-CoV已經(jīng)在兩年半之前發(fā)生了突變,從而使得病毒可以感染人類;而當(dāng)前病毒在人群中擴散并不是很容易。最后研究者Whittaker表示,我們希望通過后期更為深入的研究來揭示MERS-CoV的感染及發(fā)病機制,同時為開發(fā)靶向性療法提供思路和研究依據(jù)。
Host cell entry of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus after two-step, furin-mediated activation of the spike protein
Jean Kaoru Millet and Gary R. Whittaker1
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a newly identified betacoronavirus causing high morbidity and mortality in humans. The coronavirus spike (S) protein is the main determinant of viral entry, and although it was previously shown that MERS-CoV S can be activated by various proteases, the details of the mechanisms of proteolytic activation of fusion are still incompletely characterized. Here, we have uncovered distinctive characteristics of MERS-CoV S. We identify, by bioinformatics and peptide cleavage assays, two cleavage sites for furin, a ubiquitously expressed protease, which are located at the S1/S2 interface and at the S2′ position of the S protein. We show that although the S1/S2 site is proteolytically processed by furin during protein biosynthesis, the S2′ site is cleaved upon viral entry. MERS-CoV pseudovirion infection was shown to be enhanced by elevated levels of furin expression, and entry could be decreased by furin siRNA silencing. Enhanced furin activity appeared to partially override the low pH-dependent nature of MERS-CoV entry. Inhibition of furin activity was shown to decrease MERS-CoV S-mediated entry, as well as infection by the virus. Overall, we show that MERS-CoV has evolved an unusual two-step furin activation for fusion, suggestive of a role during the process of emergence into the human population. The ability of MERS-CoV to use furin in this manner, along with other proteases, may explain the polytropic nature of the virus.
轉(zhuǎn)載地址:http://news.bioon.com/article/6660215.html